2024年5月3日发(作者：)

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　　托福TPO35综合写作阅读原文文本：

　　In 1912 a bookseller named Wilfrid M. Voynich acquired a beautifully illustrated

handwritten book (manuscript) written on vellum (vellum is a material that was used

for writing before the introduction of paper). The "Voynich manuscript," as it became

known, resembles manuscripts written in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

However, it is written in a completely unknown script. To date, no one has been able

to decode the script and understand the book's content. Several theories have been

proposed to explain the origin of the Voynich manuscript. One theory is that the

manuscript is a genuine work on some scientific or magical subject composed in a

complex secret code. Anthony Ascham, a sixteenth-century physician and botanist, has

been identified as a possible author, since many plant illustrations in the Voynich

manuscript are quite similar to those in Ascham's book on medicinal plants, A Little

Herbal, published in 1550. According to some other theories, the manuscript is really

a fake and its text has no real meaning. For example, it has been proposed the

manuscript was created by Edward Kelley, a sixteenth century personality who

extracted money from nobles across Europe by pretending to have magical powers. Kelley

may have created the manuscript as a fake magical book to sell to a wealthy noble.

He used a made-up alphabet in a completely random order. It looks like a book of magical

secrets, but there is no meaningful underlying text. Another theory is that the

manuscript is actually a modern fake created by Wilfrid M. Voynich himself. As an

antique book dealer, Voynich certainly had the knowledge of what old manuscripts

should look like and could have created a fake one. Perhaps Voynich's plan was to

sell the fake as a mysterious old book if he received an attractive offer.

　　托福TPO35综合写作听力原文文本：

　　None of the three people mentioned in the reading was probably the author of the

Voynich manuscript. According to the first theory, whoever wrote the Voynich

manuscript thought they were conveying information so important, or so powerful that

they used the special code to keep it secret. That doesn’t fit what we know about

Anthony Ascham. Ascham was just an ordinary physician and scientist whose books didn’t

contain any original ideas. For instance, the little herbal mentioned in the reading

was a description of common plants based on other well-known sources. So given what

we know about Ascham, his books and the kind of knowledge he had, it seems unlikely

he was the author of such an elaborately coded secret document.

　　Second, although Edward Kelley was notoriously good at tricking people, it seems

unlikely that he created the Voynich manuscript as a fake magical book to sell to

some rich people. You see, the creator the Voynich manuscript took a lot of care to

make it look like real code. The people in the 16th century were quite easy to fool,

so it was not necessary to make something this complex. If Kelly wanted to create

a fake for money, there’s no reason he would put so much work into creating a

manuscript like this, when a much simpler book would have suited his purpose just

as well.

　　Third, we’ve been able to date the manuscript material using modern methods.

Both the vellum pages and the ink on the pages—both the vellum and the ink are at

least 400 years old. That ruled out Voynich was the author. If Voynich wanted to create

a fake, maybe he could use vellum pages taken from some old manuscript, but where

would he get 400-year-old ink? So it seems the manuscript was created centuries before

Voynich obtained it.

　　托福TPO35综合写作满分范文：

　　In the passage, the author introduces the Voynich manuscript and lists three

theories to exploit its source. However, the speaker holds opposite ideas and he

rebuts each of these three ideas one by one. First, the essay assumes that the Voynich

manuscript is an authentic product which used sophisticated code to convey some

significant scientific or magical materials. Nevertheless, the man in the script

thinks that Anthony Ascham himself was just a common scientist with no special talent.

His script is also about some knowledge taken from other sources which is not important

at all. So there is no need for him to use these complicated codes. Second, the writer

supposes that maybe the manuscript is a fake one containing totally useless contents.

In the listening material, the man also admits that Edward Kelley had a bad fame of

tricking people. But he immediately states that citizens living in Voynich’s century

was easy to deceive so it was not necessary to make such complicated effort in order

to fool them. Thus refutes the second theory in the written material. In addition,

he reckons that if Voynich wanted to fake his manuscript for money, he could make

it with a less elaborate one. Third, that the manuscript is a modern fake produced

by Voynich himself is the last theory the author comes up with in his passage. The

speaker opposes this idea because the pages and inks used to make this script can

be dated back to at least four hundred years. Although Voynich could get ancient pages

from old books to make this fake one, it is still impossible for him to find four

hundred years old ink. Therefore, the last idea in this passage is proved

unconvincing. (275 words)

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